Parents Who Refuse to Vaccinate Daughters Against HPV

Have you heard of parents who refuse to vaccinate their children? They believe vaccines may cause health problems, other diseases, neurological problems, and even sterilization. This creates a problem because if their child contracts an age-old disease, it puts other children (such as babies who are still too young for specific vaccines) at greater risk.

Although HPV isn’t as communicative as cholera, tuberculosis, measles, mumps, or other diseases of that nature, it’s still incredibly dangerous and can be transmitted easily through sexual interaction, at the very least. Numerous studies have linked HPV with cervical cancer.

The statistics around a parent’s refusal to vaccinate daughters against HPV are striking.

As of 2010:

• 75 percent of teenage girls in the U.S. were not up to date on their HPV vaccinations.
• 44 percent of parents said they didn't plan to get their daughters vaccinated, which was up from 40 percent two years earlier.

Here are the reasons given by parents who did not want to give daughters the HPV vaccine:

An article that details this information further stated:

The 14 percent who answered "not sexually active" highlight the misconception that people who are not having sex don't need the vaccination. It's most effective when given before a person starts having sex. There's also the misconception here that parents actually know when their kids start having sex.

The 16.4 percent that cited safety concerns was striking, since the number tripled between 2008 and 2010. Unfortunately the subjects didn't expand on what those concerns were or what prompted the rise. And then, the "not needed/not necessary" responses ... see the mortality statistics above.

In the U.S., only 45 percent of adults said they would be in favor of allowing teenagers to get vaccinated without parental consent. Though clearly sometimes parents just don't understand.

Follow this link for more information.

NCCN Standards for Best Treatment

There should be a standard for dealing with certain types of cancer, but there’s not. In the annual meeting of the Society of Gynecologic Oncology, researchers agreed on the fact that there are various degrees of treatment quality provided for ovarian cancer.

Over 13,000 women with epithelial ovarian cancer were listed on the California Cancer Registry from 1999 to 2006. Of them only 37 percent received treatment that adhered to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN)’s guidelines, the “gold standard” for treatment.

But wouldn’t there be a backlash from the public if most women weren’t receiving the best care? Not if that cancer isn’t as widely recognized as, say, breast cancer. Plus, many women diagnosed with the disease are a little sicker, a little older, and less likely to advocate for themselves and others.

Whether patients received protocol treatment depended on two major factors: 1) Surgeons who operated on more than 10 women a year for ovarian cancer, and 2) hospitals that treated more than 20 women. If any of those numbers dropped, the patients did not receive standard care.

With this in mind, women need to be aware of who they choose to provide them with treatment. Who they choose and where they go will have a major factor in whether they survive.

The best thing to do is ask a prospective doctor whether he or she follows NCCN guidelines, and try to be admitted to a hospital with a gynecologic oncologist that has regular admittance of and experience with ovarian cancer.

Follow this link to read more.

Types of Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer doesn’t come with just one type of tumor, one type of cell, or four general stages. There are different types of cells, types of tumors, and stages to keep in mind if your doctor gives you the dreaded news.

There are over 30 types of ovarian cancer because of the type of cell from which they start. Cancerous tumors can start from three common cell types:

• Surface Epithelium - cells covering the lining of the ovaries
• Germ Cells - cells that are destined to form eggs
• Stromal Cells - cells that release hormones and connect the different structures of the ovaries

The most common tumors include:

• Common Epithelial Tumors. They develop from cells that cover the outer surface of the ovary. Most of the tumors like this are benign (noncancerous) and include several types: serous adenomas, mucinous adenomas, and Brenner tumors.
• Cancerous Epithelial Tumors. These are carcinomas, which begin in the tissue that lines the ovaries, and are the most common and most dangerous.
• Borderline tumors or tumors of low malignant potential (LMP tumors). These are tumors that aren’t clearly identified as cancerous under a microscope.
• Germ Cell Tumors. These develop from the cells that produce the ova or eggs. Most are benign, but some are cancerous and may be life threatening. The most common germ cell malignancies are maturing dysgerminomas, teratomas, and endodermal sinus tumors.
• Stromal Tumors. These belong to a rare class of tumors that develop from connective tissue cells that hold the ovary together, in addition to cells that produce the female hormones: estrogen and progesterone. The most common types of stromal tumors are granulosa-theca and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors and are considered to be low-grade cancers

The stages of ovarian cancer include:

• Stage I – Cancer growth is limited to the ovary or ovaries.
• Stage IA - Growth is limited to one ovary and the tumor is confined to the inside of the ovary. Stage IB - Growth is limited to both ovaries without any tumor on their outer surfaces.
• Stage IC - The tumor is Stage IA or IB and (1) tumor is present on the outer surface of one or both ovaries; (2) the capsule has ruptured; and/or (3) there are ascites containing malignant cells or with positive peritoneal washings.
• Stage II - Growth of the cancer involves one or both ovaries and has extended to the pelvis.
• Stage IIA - The cancer has extended to and/or involves the uterus, fallopian tubes, or both.
• Stage IIB - The cancer has extended to other pelvic organs.
• Stage IIC - The tumor is Stage IIA or IIB and (1) tumor is present on the outer surface of one or both ovaries; (2) the capsule has ruptured; and/or (3) there are ascites containing malignant cells or with positive peritoneal washings.
• Stage III - Growth of the cancer involves one or both ovaries, and (1) the cancer has spread beyond the pelvis to the lining of the abdomen; and/or (2) the cancer has spread to lymph nodes.
• Stage IIIA - During an operation, the surgeon can see cancer on one or both of the ovaries, but not in the abdomen or lymph nodes. However, small deposits of cancer are found in the abdominal peritoneal surfaces when biopsies are checked under a microscope.
• Stage IIIB - The tumor is in one or both ovaries, and deposits of cancer are visibly present in the abdomen during surgery, but not exceeding 2 cm in diameter. The cancer has not spread to the lymph nodes.
• Stage IIIC - The tumor is in one or both ovaries, and (1) the cancer has spread to lymph nodes; and/or (2) the deposits of cancer exceed 2 cm in diameter and are found in the abdomen.
• Stage IV - The most advanced stage. Growth involves one or both ovaries and distant metastases (spread of the cancer to organs located outside of the peritoneal cavity) have occurred. Finding ovarian cancer cells in pleural fluid (from the cavity which surrounds the lungs) is also evidence of stage IV disease.

Follow this link for more information. 

Western PA Teenagers Raise Cancer Awareness

Margot California, 15, and Sarah Glatz, 14, are in the ninth grade at North Hills High School in Ross Township, which is located in western Pennsylvania. While they both lived through their mothers’ cancer, they received support from other people whose lives were also affected by the disease.


The girls are now members of the Teen Advisory Committee at Gilda's Club of Western Pennsylvania. Through the organization, the girls introduced cancer awareness and support to their peers. They handed out ribbons and literature about cancer, sold bracelets to raise money for Gilda’s Club, and set up a wall display for teachers and students could post about loved ones who experienced cancer.


"I think it opens their eyes to see how cancer affects people that they know," said Sarah, whose mother is a breast cancer survivor.


"There are a few people in my grade that have parents or grandparents that are very ill from cancer. Hopefully, we are able to show them that they can get support," said Margot, whose mother died from ovarian cancer last year. She said that her mother had wanted her to donate her time to help Gilda’s Club, a national nonprofit organization that was formed in memory of a comedienne who died of ovarian cancer.


The Teen Advisory Committee was started four years ago because teenagers weren't coming to the Gilda Club’s Pittsburgh chapter. The committee has 20 teens, most of whom have encountered cancer. The committee sponsors a battle of the bands, a writing contest, and awareness weeks in schools. The committee isn’t just for ovarian cancer, though. During the North Hills’ awareness week, each day represented a different cancer and students were told to wear a representative cancer color on that day. Cancers included childhood, colon, prostate, breast, and melanoma (skin).


"It went over so well. I was not expecting as much support as we got," Margot said. She said there was a “sea of black" in the school during melanoma awareness day.


Sarah said that the work is worth it if their peers learn "that they are not alone when someone they know is affected by cancer, that everyone shares their stories."

Read more about it here.

Did You Know About Cervical Cancer with Hispanic-Americans?

Did you know?

• Hispanic-American women are twice as likely to develop cervical cancer as Caucasian women.
• Unlike Caucasians and African-Americans, cancer is the leading cause of death among Hispanic-Americans because of statistically lower incomes and reduced access to healthcare.
• Hispanic-Americans have lower cancer screening rates, which means the disease is more likely to be diagnosed at a later stage when it’s less curable.
• Despite the fact that cervical cancer could be prevented with regular Pap smears, often Hispanic-American women don’t go back to the doctor after an abnormal result.
• HPV vaccination rates in Hispanic-American girls trail behind Caucasians: 

:...with almost 75 percent of white girls ages 13 to 17 completing the three-dose series compared to just under 70 percent of Hispanic girls, according to the CDC."

• Women in Mexico, Central and South America experience approximately triple the cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates of women in the U.S., largely because of a lack of access to screening.
• The highest rates of cervical cancer in the U.S. are among Hispanic-American women in the Midwest, probably because of new immigrants.

 Follow this link for more information. 

Gardasil Facts and Expectations

Most of us have probably seen the Gardasil commercials. They feature vaccination shots for young women in order to avoid contracting human papillomavirus (HPV), specifically types 6, 11, 16 and 18. HPV is a common cause for cervical cancer.

The vaccination does not treat existing infection, though women who test positive for the infection can still take it as a preventative measure against the sexually transmitted strains of the disease. An estimated 90 percent of genital warts cases are caused from types 6 and 11. An estimated 70 percent of cervical cancers are caused from types 16 and 18, in addition to most HPV-induced vulva, vaginal, anal, and penile cancers.

For maximum effect, young girls who are not yet sexually active should undergo the vaccination. However, young women are able to take it as well, but not past 26 years old because clinical trials found that it was not effective between the ages of 27-45. Also, the vaccination is not meant as a substitute for annual Pap smears.

Gardasil's side effects are similar to most other vaccinations. The side effects include:

• pain, swelling, itching, bruising, and redness at the injection site
• headache
• fever
• nausea
• dizziness
• vomiting
• fainting

Those commercials also don’t tell you three things:

1. Men can also take Gardasil. For them, it provides protection against anal cancer, genital warts, and some HPV-induced precancerous lesions and penile cancer. The same age range exists for men as for women, between the age of 9-26.
2. The vaccination has three installments. You’ll get the first, then the second two months later, and the third six months after that.
3. The shots burn. They are administered with a tiny, thin needle that only causes a small prick (especially if your nurse practitioner punches a portion of your skin first, as seen in the photo above), but the serum burns as it spreads. The good news is that the pain fades after a minute or so, and all you’ll have to deal with is the typical soreness around the injection area after any regular shot.

Gardasil is covered by Select Plan for Women. So if you don’t have health insurance yet, that’s not a problem. Ask your local Adagio Health facilities or free clinics about it and get protected. 

5 Easy Steps to Prevent Cervical Cancer

Cervical Cancer Awareness Month may be over, but that doesn’t mean the awareness should stop. Cervical cancer is easily detectable and most women survive it if detected early. Below are five methods you can use to prevent cervical cancer. Follow this link for more information.  

Cervical cancer occurs when cells in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus, become malignant. More than 12,000 new cases are diagnosed every year in the U.S., and more than 4,000 women die from the cervical cancer each year. 

But there’s good news, too: Because cervical cancer is slow growing, the disease is highly treatable and curable.  Here are five easy steps you and your loved ones can take to prevent cervical cancer: 

1. Get ScreenedEarly detection is essential to successful treatment of cervical cancer, so having a Pap test is the very best way to find out if something’s not right. You can schedule affordable women’s wellness exams on Sprig Health for as low as $135. 

2. Know Your Risk FactorsAccording to the American Cancer Society, the most important risk factor for cervical cancer is infection from human papillomavirus (HPV), a very common sexually transmitted virus. (A simple test when during a women’s wellness exam can determine if you have it). Other factors that can increase your risk include smoking, using birth control pills for five or more years, and giving birth to three or more children. If any of these risk factors apply to you, your doctor may recommend more frequent screenings. 

3. Get Vaccinated for HPVIf you’re under 26, schedule to get an appointment to get an HPV vaccine, which can protect you against the most common forms of the virus. If you’re over 26, please encourage younger loved ones (both boys and girls) to get vaccinated. Learn more about HPV vaccines 

4. Quit SmokingStudies have found that smoking cigarette increases the risk of developing many cancers, including cervical cancer. When combined with HPV infection, smoking can actually accelerate the spread of cervical cancer, so quitting smoking is the way to go. Sprig offers a great smoking cessation program that can help you kick the habit for good. 

5. Eat  SuperfoodsA great way to lower your cancer risk by eating foods that are known to reduce free radicals in the body. Blueberries, squash, bell peppers, cherries, salmon are loaded with cancer-fighting properties, so they can help slow or stop the process that turns normal cervical cells into cancerous ones. 

If you’ve been putting it off, please make this the month that you take steps to protect yourself against cervical cancer. Talk to your health care provider, get tested, and encourage the women in your life to do the same.